Etiology (cause)

• In general, the causes of childhood cancer are largely unknown.
• Research into the causes is continuing especially with the advances in cellular biology. The human genome project will advance our knowledge in this regard.
• Oncogenes (tumour-promoting genes) have been found in certain childhood cancers.
• Some cancers are associated with the loss of tumour suppressor genes.
• See also specific types.
• As opposed to adult type cancers, there is no proof that environmental factors play a role in the cause of childhood cancer.  Specifically, several studies have shown that electromagnetic radiation is not a significant factor. The most recent study by Draper (June 2005) showed that 99% of childhood leukemias in Britain are not associated with proximity to high voltage lines.  The following are additional articles that address the issue of exposure to electromagnetic fields:

            McBride, ML et al
            Power-frequency electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia in Canada.
            American Journal of Epidemiology, May 1, 1999;149:831-42 (must request article from American Journal of Epidemiology)
        
            Kheifets, L et al
            The sensitivity of children to electromagnetic fields
            Pediatrics Vol. 116 No. 2 August 2005, pp. e303-e313 

            Study finds no link between power lines and childhood cancer
            American Cancer Society News Centre
           

Page updated January 2006